What is NOT allowed during innocent passage according to international law?

Innocent passage is a significant concept in international maritime law, particularly under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). It refers to the right of vessels to pass through the territorial waters of a coastal state, provided their passage is not prejudicial to the peace, good order, or security of the coastal state.

Foreign military training is not allowed during innocent passage because military activities are generally viewed as a potential threat to the security and sovereignty of the coastal state. Innocent passage is intended primarily for peaceful transit, and activities that could be interpreted as military preparations or exercises would be contrary to this principle.

In contrast, activities such as fishing, surveillance operations, and commercial shipping can often take place in varying contexts and may fall under different legal provisions. For instance, fishing is typically not permitted during innocent passage for foreign vessels within territorial waters, but the context of such activities can vary based on specific agreements and local regulations. Surveillance operations could also raise concerns but often depend on the type of surveillance and its perceived threat level. Commercial shipping is generally allowed as it is recognized as a benign activity and is an essential component of normal maritime operations.