What is the primary goal of an innocent passage FONOP?

The primary goal of an innocent passage Freedom of Navigation Operation (FONOP) is to assert the right of innocent passage through territorial waters, which may involve challenging excessive territorial claims made by coastal states. Innocent passage is defined under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) as the right of vessels to navigate through the territorial seas of a state provided that such passage is not prejudicial to the peace, good order, or security of the coastal state.

By conducting FONOPs, countries aim to demonstrate that certain maritime claims are not in alignment with international law, thereby reinforcing the rights of passage even in waters where a coastal state may attempt to restrict it. This is crucial in maintaining the principle of freedom of navigation, which is vital for global trade and security operations.

This operation does not primarily aim to challenge military forces or establish diplomatic relations, nor does it focus on conducting environmental research, although such activities may have their own importance in different maritime contexts. The essence of FONOPs is rooted in the assertion of lawful navigation rights in accordance with international norms.