Which of the following statements best describes guerrilla warfare?

Guerrilla warfare is characterized by the use of targeted harassment and unconventional tactics against a larger, more conventional military force. This method of warfare typically involves small groups of combatants engaging in hit-and-run tactics, ambushes, and other forms of irregular warfare that allow them to leverage surprise and mobility against a stronger adversary. This strategy is effective because it circumvents the advantages held by larger forces, such as overwhelming numbers or firepower, allowing guerrilla fighters to disrupt logistics, gather intelligence, and erode the morale of the enemy over time.

In contrast, the other options describe different forms of warfare that do not align with the principles of guerrilla tactics. For instance, large-scale battles with heavy infantry imply conventional warfare involving organized armies clashing in direct confrontations, which is not representative of guerrilla strategies. Naval engagements on open waters focus on maritime battles rather than land-based guerrilla operations. The permanent fortification of positions indicates a static defense strategy that does not embody the mobility and flexibility inherent in guerrilla warfare. Thus, the distinguishing feature of guerrilla warfare is its emphasis on asymmetric engagements and mobility rather than fixed, conventional tactics.